There are several backend programming languages that are free to use, meaning they are open-source and do not require purchasing licenses for usage. Below are some of the most popular ones:
1. Python
– Python is a versatile and widely used backend programming language. It is open-source and has many frameworks for web development, such as Django, Flask, and FastAPI.
2. Node.js (JavaScript)
– Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript on the server side. It’s widely used in web development with frameworks like Express.js.
3. Ruby
– Ruby is an open-source language, often used for web development through the Ruby on Rails framework. It’s known for its simplicity and developer productivity.
4. PHP
– PHP is a popular, open-source server-side scripting language. It’s widely used for web development and supported by many frameworks like Laravel, Symfony, and CodeIgniter.
5. Java
– Java is an open-source, object-oriented programming language that’s widely used in enterprise environments. There are many frameworks like Spring and Java EE for backend development.
6. Go (Golang)
– Go is an open-source language developed by Google, designed for simplicity, efficiency, and scalability, making it a great choice for building high-performance backend applications.
7. C (ASP.NET Core)
– C is a language from Microsoft that, when used with the open-source ASP.NET Core framework, provides a powerful, cross-platform backend development environment.
8. Rust
– Rust is an open-source systems programming language known for its memory safety and performance. While it’s relatively new, it is gaining traction for backend development, especially in high-performance applications.
9. Perl
– Perl is an open-source language often used for web development, network programming, and system administration. It has frameworks like Catalyst and Dancer for web applications.
10. Elixir
– Elixir is an open-source, functional programming language built on the Erlang virtual machine (BEAM). It’s particularly good for highly concurrent, distributed systems and real-time web applications.
These languages are all free to use in both personal and commercial projects, and most of them have a strong community of developers, extensive documentation, and active support.
